What Is The Whistleblower Policy and Who Does It Affect?

What is the Whistleblower Policy?

Whistleblower protection refers to the reporting of wrongdoing related to EU law, such as tax fraud, money laundering, or offences related to public procurement, product and transport safety, environmental protection, public health, and consumer and data protection. However, the EU encourages national legislators to extend this scope into their respective national laws.

The Protected Disclosures Act 2014 protects workers in the public, private, and not-for-profit sectors from retaliation if they speak up about wrongdoing in the workplace. Workers can report wrongdoing internally to their employer or externally to a third party, such as a prescribed person. People who make protected disclosures (sometimes referred to as “whistleblowers”) are protected by law – they should not be treated unfairly or lose their jobs because they have made a protected disclosure.

Who is Affected by the Whistleblower Directive?

Companies with more than 50 employees, public sector institutions, and authorities, as well as municipalities with 10,000 or more inhabitants, are obliged to set up suitable internal reporting channels. Companies with 250 or more employees are expected to comply within two years of adoption, whereas companies with between 50 and 250 employees have another two years after transposition to comply.

Reporting Channels

Whistleblowers should be able to submit reports either in writing via an online system, a mailbox, by post, or orally via a telephone hotline or answering machine system. Not only are employees who report wrongdoing protected, but job applicants, former employees, supporters of the whistleblower, and journalists are also protected.

What Changes Have Been Made to the Protected Disclosures Act?

A change to the 2014 Protected Disclosures Act was published on the 9th of February 2022. The Protected Disclosures (Amendment) Bill 2021 aims to strengthen the previous act by adding more rules and regulations.

Key points of the Protected Disclosures (Amendment) Bill 2021

• Internal Reporting Systems: All public and private sector organisations with 50+ employees must now create and maintain an internal reporting system with procedures for employees to make a protected disclosure. These will be subject to WRC inspections.
• Designated Person for Complaints: There must now be a designated person to acknowledge and record any complaints received.
• Penalties for Wrongdoing: There will now be penalties if there is any wrongdoing on behalf of the organisation, such as unlawful dismissal or breach of confidentiality.
• Broad Scope of Protection: Protection not only exists for employees who report their concerns but also for job applicants, former employees, supporters of the whistleblower, and journalists. These persons are protected from dismissal, degradation, and other forms of discrimination.
• Specific EU Law Protections: Protection applies only to reports of wrongdoing relating to EU law, such as tax fraud, money laundering, public procurement offences, product and road safety, environmental protection, public health, and consumer and data protection.
• Reporting Options: The whistleblower can choose whether to report a concern internally within the company or directly to the competent supervisory authority. If nothing happens in response to such a report, or if the whistleblower has reason to believe that it is in the public interest, they can also go directly to the public. They are protected in both cases.

With these safeguards, the EU is sending a clear message to whistleblowers that they have nothing to fear while encouraging individuals to report on company infringements.

Further Reading on Whistleblower Protection

• Protected Disclosures (Amendment) Bill 2022: This Bill gives effect to EU Directive 2019/1397 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law, which harmonises the rules for the protection of whistleblowers across the EU.
• Public Consultation: A public consultation on the areas where Ireland has discretion as regards the implementation of the Directive was carried out in June and July 2020 and has helped inform the drafting of the legislation.
• Development of the Bill: The Joint Oireachtas Committee on Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform, and Taoiseach published its Pre-Legislative Scrutiny Report on the General Scheme of the Bill in December 2021, which has also fed into the development of the Bill, published on 9 February 2022. A Regulatory Impact Analysis has also been published with the Bill.